TCP/IP: Internet has become an important part of our lives today, but have you ever wondered how millions of computers present in different parts of the world talk to each other so easily? The answer is TCP/IP i.e. Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. These are the two digital languages ​​that operate the entire Internet and complete every data transfer in a systematic manner.

What is TCP/IP

The easiest way to understand TCP/IP is to think of it as a digital post office. Just as we need envelopes, addresses and delivery process to send mail, similarly every data on the Internet is packed in a digital envelope. The address of the sender and receiver is written on this envelope and this address is the IP address.

What is IP Address and how does it work?

When every computer or mobile connects to the Internet, it is given a unique IP address. This address is either a set of four digits (such as 192.168.1.1) or sometimes letters and numbers in groups of eight (IPv6). This address is the address of your digital home.

When you type “what’s my IP” in Google, you see your IP. But this address is not always permanent. At home, you get an IP from your Internet Service Provider (ISP), while in a café or office, a new IP address may be assigned from the Wi-Fi network.

DNS

Now the question arises when the IP of the website server is so long and difficult then how do we reach it by just typing google.com or youtube.com? The answer is DNS (Domain Name System). DNS gives names to websites that humans can easily remember. When your browser opens a website, DNS translates that name into the correct IP address and your device connects to the correct server.

data transfer technology

When your computer contacts a server, it begins with a three-way handshake. First the computer asks the server “Are you ready to talk?” The server replies “Yes, ready.” After this your computer confirms the connection. Now the exchange of data begins.

The data of the website is divided into many small parts. Each part is sent in a separate envelope. These packets have an IP address and a sequence number written on them so that your computer can put them together in the correct order. As soon as a packet arrives, the computer sends acknowledge i.e. the data has been received and all is well. If the server does not receive this response, it sends the same packet again.

TCP/IP is the backbone of the Internet that connects computers around the world through a common language. This ensures that your data, whether it’s email, video or a website, reaches its destination safely, in the right order and on time.

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